Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has long been associated with a stigma and misconceptions, but new research reveals its efficacy for treating depression increasing aperiodic activity in the brain. This is according to two new studies conducted researchers from the University of California San Diego.
The lead author of the study, Sydney Smith, emphasized the importance of unraveling the mystery surrounding ECT, which has been in use for nearly a century. Despite its effectiveness, ECT has struggled with a negative reputation due to outdated portrayals in the media. The modern procedure involves highly controlled dosages of electricity administered under anesthesia, dispelling common misconceptions.
The therapy has shown a success rate of up to 80% in patients, particularly those with severe depression but occasionally with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. However, it comes with drawbacks such as temporary confusion and cognitive impairment, along with the necessity for multiple outpatient visits.
The researchers employed electroencephalography (EEG) scans to analyze the brain activity of patients undergoing ECT for depression. They found that ECT and magnetic seizure therapy may restore aperiodic activity, playing a crucial role in controlling how neurons turn on and off, in individuals with depression.
The studies highlight the need for further investigation to translate these insights into clinical applications, as well as exploring the potential use of aperiodic activity as a metric to gauge the effectiveness of other depression treatments, including medications.
Ultimately, the ongoing inquiry aims to enhance the effectiveness of these treatments while minimizing potential negative effects, aligning with the shared goal of providing patients with improved mental health care options. The first study’s findings can be found here and the second was published in the journal Translational Psychiatry.
This new perspective on the mechanisms behind ECT’s success in alleviating depression symptoms could contribute to optimizing its benefits while minimizing side effects. The scientists emphasized the scientific responsibility to delve into the intricacies of brain activity during such treatments, in hopes of improving mental health care options.