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Utilising a new public information system — BuiS (
Bengaluru’s urbanised area has expanded a staggering 1055% since 1973, from a mere 8% to 93.3% in 2023. Consequently, there has been an 88% reduction in vegetation. Presently, Bengaluru has only 1.5 million trees for a population of 9.5 million, equating to just one tree for every seven individuals. This insufficient green cover fails to meet the daily respiratory carbon sequestration needs, as outlined Professor TV Ramachandra from IISc’s Centre for Ecological Sciences.
The decline in greenery has resulted in heightened air pollution and temperatures. Additionally, the reduction in water bodies has exacerbated the city’s water crisis. Bengaluru’s water spread area has dwindled from 2,324 hectares in 1973 to a mere 696 hectares in 2023 due to unchecked urbanisation. Furthermore, 98% of lakes are encroached upon, with 90% being contaminated untreated sewage and industrial waste, severely impacting groundwater replenishment.
BuIS provides a valuable tool for researchers and policymakers, facilitating the assessment of Bengaluru’s ecological health on a ward-wise basis, including tree distribution and water bodies. It also identifies ecologically sensitive zones.
This study underscores the perils of unplanned urbanisation. Professor Ramachandra warns of a cascade effect, leading to pollution, resource disparities, traffic congestion, and increased reliance on fossil fuels.
Bengaluru’s plight serves as a cautionary tale for other rapidly growing cities. Prioritising sustainable development and environmental preservation is crucial to ensure a healthy and sustainable future.