Smoking Causes Harmful DNA Mutations and Raises Cancer Risk, New Study Finds
A recent study has once again confirmed that smoking has the potential to induce harmful alterations in DNA, leading to an increased risk of cancer. The presence of toxic substances and hazardous compounds in cigarette smoke can initiate mutations and modifications that significantly impact health.
According to Interesting Engineering, the study findings reveal that smoking can cause “stop-gain mutations” in DNA. These mutations disrupt the production of specific proteins that play a crucial role in safeguarding against cancer. The research also highlights that these mutations have a significant influence on tumor suppressor genes, which are responsible for preventing the unchecked growth of abnormal cells.
The study, led University of Toronto doctoral candidate Nina Adler, examined over 12,000 tumor samples from 18 different types of cancer. The research team discovered a clear link between the DNA “signature” associated with smoking and the presence of stop-gain mutations, particularly prevalent in lung cancer. Furthermore, the study revealed that as tobacco consumption increases, the production of these detrimental mutations also rises.
While the link between smoking and cancer is well-established, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms is crucial in comprehending how lifestyle choices affect cancer risk. The research team emphasizes the need for further investigation into the detrimental effects of other factors such as alcohol consumption and poor diet on DNA.
Previous research has shown that the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrosamines, directly bind to DNA, causing mutations that disrupt normal cellular processes. Smoking also generates high levels of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, which can cause oxidative damage to DNA.
Smoking has also been associated with accelerated telomere shortening, which is linked to cellular aging and various diseases. In addition, smoking can induce epigenetic alterations that modify the structure of DNA and influence gene expression, potentially affecting health across generations.
The findings of this study, published in the journal Science Advances, further emphasize the profound health risks associated with smoking. Quitting smoking or refraining from smoking entirely is identified as the most prudent choice to reduce these risks.